Conventional wastewater treatment#
This module contains unit operations for wastewater treatment of a cellulosic ethanol biorefinery as in [1].
Data#
- non_digestables = ['WWTsludge', 'Cellulose', 'Xylan', 'CellulaseNutrients', 'Mannan', 'Lignin', 'Galactan', 'Glucan', 'Acetate', 'Biomass', 'Arabinan', 'Tar', 'CO', 'CO2', 'CH4']#
list[str] IDs for non-digestible components in wastewater
Unit operations#
- class AnaerobicDigestion(ID='', ins=None, outs=(), thermo=None, **kwargs)[source]#
Create an anaerobic digestion unit operation. The model is based on stoichiometric reactions and a specified fraction of water evaporated.
- Parameters:
reactions (ReactionSet, optional) – Anaerobic digestion reactions. Default assumes 91% of organic components is destroyed, of which 86% is converted to biogas and 5% is converted to sludge. The biogas is assumed to be 51% CH4 and 49% CO2 on a dry molar basis.
sludge_split (Array, optional) – Split between wastewater and sludge.
ins (
Stream], optional) –[0] Wastewater
outs (
Stream], optional) –[0] Biogas
[1] Wastewater
[2] Sludge
- class AerobicDigestion(ID='', ins=None, outs=(), thermo=None, **kwargs)[source]#
Create an aerobic digestion unit operation. Model is based on stoichiometric reactions and a specified fraction of water evaporated.
- Parameters:
ins (
Stream], optional) –[0] Wastewater
[1] Air
[2] Caustic
outs (
Stream], optional) –[0] Vent
[1] Treated wastewater
reactions (ReactionSet, optional) – Aerobic digestion reactions. Defaults assume 96% of remaining soluble organic matter is removed after aerobic digestion, of which 74% is converted to water and CO2 and 22% to cell mass.
evaporation (float, optional) – Fraction of water evaporated. Defaults to 0.0113.
- class ReverseOsmosis(ID='', ins=None, outs=(), thermo=None, **kwargs)[source]#
Create a reverse osmosis unit operation for recovering water from brine. The model is based on a fraction of water recovered.
- Parameters:
ins (
Stream], optional) – Inlet fluid to be split.outs (
Stream], optional) –[0] Filtered water
[1] Brine
water_recovery (float, optional) – Water recovered to 0th stream. Defaults to 0.987
Utilities#
System factories#
- create_conventional_wastewater_treatment_system(ID=None, ins=None, outs=None, mockup=False, area=None, udct=None, autorename=None, operating_hours=None, lang_factor=None, algorithm=None, method=None, maxiter=None, molar_tolerance=None, relative_molar_tolerance=None, temperature_tolerance=None, relative_temperature_tolerance=None, *, NaOH_price=None, autopopulate=None)#
Return a system for wastewater treatment as described in Humbird et al. [1] The system includes anaerobic and aerobic digestion reactors, a membrane bioreactor, a sludge centrifuge, and a reverse osmosis unit.
- Parameters:
ins (
Stream], optional) – Wastewater streams (without solids). Defaults to all product streams at run time that are not sold and cannot generate energy through combustion (i.e. streams that have no sink, no price, and a LHV less that 1 kJ / g).outs (
Stream], optional) –[0] biogas
[1] sludge
[2] RO_treated_water
[3] brine
NaOH_price (float, optional) – Price of NaOH in USD/kg. The default is 0.07476.
autopopulate (bool, optional) – Whether to automatically add wastewater streams.
Examples
>>> from biosteam import Stream, create_conventional_wastewater_treatment_system, settings >>> settings.set_thermo(create_conventional_wastewater_treatment_system.fthermo()) >>> feed = Stream( ... ID='wastewater', ... Water=2.634e+04, ... Ethanol=0.07225, ... AceticAcid=24.67, ... Furfural=6.206, ... Glycerol=1.784, ... LacticAcid=17.7, ... SuccinicAcid=3.472, ... DAP=1.001, ... AmmoniumSulfate=17.63, ... HMF=2.366, ... Glucose=2.816, ... Xylose=6.953, ... Arabinose=12.78, ... Extract=65.98, ... Ash=83.52, ... Lignin=1.659, ... SolubleLignin=4.202, ... GlucoseOligomer=6.796, ... GalactoseOligomer=0.01718, ... MannoseOligomer=0.009008, ... XyloseOligomer=2.878, ... ArabinoseOligomer=0.3508, ... Z_mobilis=0.6668, ... Protein=2.569, ... Glucan=0.1555, ... Xylan=0.06121, ... Xylitol=4.88, ... Cellobiose=0.9419, ... Arabinan=0.02242, ... Mannan=0.06448, ... Galactan=0.01504, ... Cellulase=25.4, ... units='kmol/hr' ... ) >>> wwt_sys = create_conventional_wastewater_treatment_system(ins=feed) >>> wwt_sys.simulate() >>> wwt_sys.show('cwt100') System: wastewater_treatment_sys Highest convergence error among components in recycle stream M604-0 after 16 loops: - flow rate 1.13e+03 kmol/hr (0.84%) - temperature 6.49e-05 K (2.1e-05%) ins... [0] wastewater phase: 'l', T: 298.15 K, P: 101325 Pa composition (%): Water 94.6 Ethanol 0.000664 AceticAcid 0.295 Furfural 0.119 Glycerol 0.0328 LacticAcid 0.318 SuccinicAcid 0.0818 DAP 0.0264 AmmoniumSulfate 0.465 HMF 0.0595 Glucose 0.101 Xylose 0.208 Arabinose 0.383 Extract 2.37 Ash 0.0167 Lignin 0.0503 SolubleLignin 0.128 GlucoseOligomer 0.244 GalactoseOligomer 0.000617 MannoseOligomer 0.000324 XyloseOligomer 0.0862 ArabinoseOligomer 0.0105 Z_mobilis 0.00328 Protein 0.0117 Glucan 0.00503 Xylan 0.00161 Xylitol 0.148 Cellobiose 0.0643 Arabinan 0.000591 Mannan 0.00209 Galactan 0.000486 Cellulase 0.122 ----------------- 5.01e+05 kg/hr outs... [0] biogas phase: 'g', T: 307.76 K, P: 101325 Pa composition (%): Water 3.18 Ethanol 2.46e-05 AceticAcid 0.0019 Furfural 0.00296 Glycerol 1.43e-08 LacticAcid 8.25e-07 SuccinicAcid 2.88e-09 CH4 26.6 CO2 70.2 ------------ 2.13e+04 kg/hr [1] sludge phase: 'l', T: 307.88 K, P: 101325 Pa composition (%): Water 46 Ethanol 5.26e-05 AceticAcid 0.0267 Glycerol 0.0048 LacticAcid 0.0262 SuccinicAcid 0.012 DAP 0.0976 AmmoniumSulfate 1.72 SO2 0.000601 Arabinose 0.0338 Extract 0.195 Ash 2.56 NaOH 1.58 Lignin 7.54 SolubleLignin 0.0105 GlucoseOligomer 0.0312 GalactoseOligomer 7.88e-05 MannoseOligomer 4.13e-05 XyloseOligomer 0.011 ArabinoseOligomer 0.00134 Z_mobilis 0.0406 Protein 0.143 Glucan 0.0229 Xylan 0.0226 Xylitol 0.0217 Cellobiose 0.00568 Arabinan 0.0103 Mannan 0.0363 Galactan 0.00847 WWTsludge 39.8 Cellulase 0.01 ----------------- 2.57e+03 kg/hr [2] RO_treated_water phase: 'l', T: 307.79 K, P: 101325 Pa composition (%): Water 100 ----- 4.16e+05 kg/hr [3] brine phase: 'l', T: 307.79 K, P: 101325 Pa composition (%): Water 48.7 Ethanol 1.35e-05 AceticAcid 0.00609 Furfural 0.00244 Glycerol 0.000675 LacticAcid 0.00763 SuccinicAcid 0.00169 DAP 1.11 AmmoniumSulfate 19.6 HMF 0.00124 SO2 0.01 Glucose 0.00244 Xylose 0.00861 Arabinose 0.00791 Extract 0.0568 Ash 0.267 NaOH 23.5 Lignin 0.519 SolubleLignin 0.00306 GlucoseOligomer 0.00576 GalactoseOligomer 1.46e-05 MannoseOligomer 7.63e-06 XyloseOligomer 0.00203 ArabinoseOligomer 0.000248 Z_mobilis 1.99e-05 Protein 7.32e-05 Glucan 0.206 Xylan 0.0657 Xylitol 0.00305 Cellobiose 0.00133 Arabinan 0.0237 Mannan 0.0837 Galactan 0.0195 WWTsludge 5.9 Cellulase 0.00292 ----------------- 1.12e+04 kg/hr
References