MultiEffectEvaporator#

class MultiEffectEvaporator(ID='', ins=None, outs=(), thermo=None, **kwargs)[source]#

Creates evaporatorators with pressures given by P (a list of pressures). Adjusts first evaporator vapor fraction to satisfy an overall fraction evaporated. All evaporators after the first have zero duty. Condenses the vapor coming out of the last evaporator. Pumps all liquid streams to prevent back flow in later parts. All liquid evaporated is ultimately recondensed. Cost is based on required heat transfer area. Vacuum system is based on air leakage. Air leakage is based on volume, as given by residence time tau and flow rate to each evaporator.

Parameters:

ins (Stream], optional) – Inlet.
outs (Stream], optional) –
- [0] Solid-rich stream.
- [1] Condensate stream.
P (tuple[float]) – Pressures describing each evaporator (Pa).
V (float) – Molar fraction evaporated as specified in V_definition (either overall or in the first effect).
V_definition (str, optional) –
- ‘Overall’ - V is the overall molar fraction evaporated.
- ’First-effect’ - V is the molar fraction evaporated in the first effect.

Examples

Concentrate sugar setting vapor fraction at the first effect:

>>> import biosteam as bst
>>> bst.process_tools.default()
>>> from biorefineries.cellulosic import create_cellulosic_ethanol_chemicals
>>> bst.settings.set_thermo(create_cellulosic_ethanol_chemicals())
>>> feed = bst.Stream('feed', Water=1000, Glucose=100,
...                   AceticAcid=0.5, HMF=0.1, Furfural=0.1,
...                   units='kg/hr')
>>> E1 = bst.MultiEffectEvaporator('E1', ins=feed, outs=('solids', 'liquid'),
...                                V=0.1, V_definition='First-effect',
...                                P=(101325, 73581, 50892, 32777, 20000))
>>> E1.simulate()
>>> E1.show()
MultiEffectEvaporator: E1
ins...
[0] feed
    phase: 'l', T: 298.15 K, P: 101325 Pa
    flow (kmol/hr): Water       55.5
                    AceticAcid  0.00833
                    Furfural    0.00104
                    HMF         0.000793
                    Glucose     0.555
outs...
[0] solids
    phase: 'l', T: 333.21 K, P: 20000 Pa
    flow (kmol/hr): Water       20.5
                    AceticAcid  0.00183
                    Furfural    5.96e-05
                    HMF         0.000793
                    Glucose     0.555
[1] liquid
    phase: 'l', T: 352.11 K, P: 20000 Pa
    flow (kmol/hr): Water       35
                    AceticAcid  0.0065
                    Furfural    0.000981

>>> E1.results()
Multi-effect evaporator                                    Units       E1
Electricity         Power                                     kW     5.72
                    Cost                                  USD/hr    0.447
Low pressure steam  Duty                                   kJ/hr 5.83e+05
                    Flow                                 kmol/hr     15.1
                    Cost                                  USD/hr     3.58
Cooling water       Duty                                   kJ/hr -3.5e+05
                    Flow                                 kmol/hr      239
                    Cost                                  USD/hr    0.117
Design              Area                                     m^2       11
                    Volume                                   m^3     3.51
Purchase cost       Evaporators (x5)                         USD 9.56e+03
                    Condenser - Double pipe                  USD 5.36e+03
                    Vacuum system - Liquid-ring pump...      USD 1.24e+04
Total purchase cost                                          USD 2.73e+04
Utility cost                                              USD/hr     4.15

Concentrate sugar setting overall vapor fraction:

>>> import biosteam as bst
>>> from biorefineries.cellulosic import create_cellulosic_ethanol_chemicals
>>> bst.settings.set_thermo(create_cellulosic_ethanol_chemicals())
>>> feed = bst.Stream('feed', Water=1000, Glucose=100,
...                   AceticAcid=0.5, HMF=0.1, Furfural=0.1,
...                   units='kg/hr')
>>> E1 = bst.MultiEffectEvaporator('E1', ins=feed, outs=('solids', 'liquid'),
...                                V=0.1, V_definition='Overall',
...                                P=(101325, 73581, 50892, 32777, 20000))
>>> E1.simulate()
>>> E1.show()
MultiEffectEvaporator: E1
ins...
[0] feed
    phase: 'l', T: 298.15 K, P: 101325 Pa
    flow (kmol/hr): Water       55.5
                    AceticAcid  0.00833
                    Furfural    0.00104
                    HMF         0.000793
                    Glucose     0.555
outs...
[0] solids
    phase: 'l', T: 354.91 K, P: 50892 Pa
    flow (kmol/hr): Water       50
                    AceticAcid  0.00683
                    Furfural    0.000535
                    HMF         0.000793
                    Glucose     0.555
[1] liquid
    phase: 'l', T: 361.13 K, P: 50892 Pa
    flow (kmol/hr): Water       5.55
                    AceticAcid  0.0015
                    Furfural    0.000506

>>> E1.results()
Multi-effect evaporator                                    Units        E1
Electricity         Power                                     kW      5.72
                    Cost                                  USD/hr     0.447
Low pressure steam  Duty                                   kJ/hr  3.84e+05
                    Flow                                 kmol/hr      9.94
                    Cost                                  USD/hr      2.36
Cooling water       Duty                                   kJ/hr -1.15e+05
                    Flow                                 kmol/hr      78.8
                    Cost                                  USD/hr    0.0384
Design              Area                                     m^2      1.62
                    Volume                                   m^3      3.07
Purchase cost       Evaporators (x3)                         USD  2.74e+03
                    Condenser - Double pipe                  USD   3.9e+03
                    Vacuum system - Liquid-ring pump...      USD  1.24e+04
Total purchase cost                                          USD  1.91e+04
Utility cost                                              USD/hr      2.85

Concentrate sugar setting overall vapor fraction:

>>> import biosteam as bst
>>> from biorefineries.cellulosic import create_cellulosic_ethanol_chemicals
>>> bst.settings.set_thermo(create_cellulosic_ethanol_chemicals())
>>> feed = bst.Stream('feed', Water=1000, Glucose=100,
...                   AceticAcid=0.5, HMF=0.1, Furfural=0.1,
...                   units='kg/hr')
>>> E1 = bst.MultiEffectEvaporator('E1', ins=feed, outs=('solids', 'liquid'),
...                                V=0.1, V_definition='Overall',
...                                P=(101325, 73581, 50892, 32777, 20000))
>>> E1.simulate()
>>> E1.show()
MultiEffectEvaporator: E1
ins...
[0] feed
    phase: 'l', T: 298.15 K, P: 101325 Pa
    flow (kmol/hr): Water       55.5
                    AceticAcid  0.00833
                    Furfural    0.00104
                    HMF         0.000793
                    Glucose     0.555
outs...
[0] solids
    phase: 'l', T: 354.91 K, P: 50892 Pa
    flow (kmol/hr): Water       50
                    AceticAcid  0.00683
                    Furfural    0.000535
                    HMF         0.000793
                    Glucose     0.555
[1] liquid
    phase: 'l', T: 361.13 K, P: 50892 Pa
    flow (kmol/hr): Water       5.55
                    AceticAcid  0.0015
                    Furfural    0.000506

>>> E1.results()
Multi-effect evaporator                                    Units        E1
Electricity         Power                                     kW      5.72
                    Cost                                  USD/hr     0.447
Low pressure steam  Duty                                   kJ/hr  3.84e+05
                    Flow                                 kmol/hr      9.94
                    Cost                                  USD/hr      2.36
Cooling water       Duty                                   kJ/hr -1.15e+05
                    Flow                                 kmol/hr      78.8
                    Cost                                  USD/hr    0.0384
Design              Area                                     m^2      1.62
                    Volume                                   m^3      3.07
Purchase cost       Evaporators (x3)                         USD  2.74e+03
                    Condenser - Double pipe                  USD   3.9e+03
                    Vacuum system - Liquid-ring pump...      USD  1.24e+04
Total purchase cost                                          USD  1.91e+04
Utility cost                                              USD/hr      2.85

line: str = 'Multi-effect evaporator'#: class-attribute Name denoting the type of Unit class. Defaults to the class name of the first child class

auxiliary_unit_names: tuple[str, ...] = ('condenser', 'mixer', 'vacuum_system', 'evaporators')#: class-attribute Name of attributes that are auxiliary units. These units will be accounted for in the purchase and installed equipment costs without having to add these costs in the baseline_purchase_costs dictionary. Heat and power utilities are also automatically accounted for.

property Type#: Evaporation type.

property V_definition#: [str] Must be one of the following: * ‘Overall’ - Defines attribute V as the overall molar fraction evaporated. * ‘First-effect’ - Defines attribute V as the molar fraction evaporated in the first effect. * ‘First-effect duty’ - Defines attribute V as the supplied duty over the total duty required to achived a vapor fraction of 1 at the first effect .

heat_utilities: list[HeatUtility, ...]#: All heat utilities associated to unit. Cooling and heating requirements are stored here (including auxiliary requirements).

power_utility: PowerUtility#: Electric utility associated to unit (including auxiliary requirements).

F_BM: dict[str, float]#: All bare-module factors for each purchase cost. Defaults to values in the class attribute _F_BM_default.

F_D: dict[str, float]#: All design factors for each purchase cost item in baseline_purchase_costs.

F_P: dict[str, float]#: All pressure factors for each purchase cost item in baseline_purchase_costs.

F_M: dict[str, float]#: All material factors for each purchase cost item in baseline_purchase_costs.

design_results: dict[str, object]#: All design requirements excluding utility requirements and detailed auxiliary unit requirements.

baseline_purchase_costs: dict[str, float]#: All baseline purchase costs without accounting for design, pressure, and material factors.

purchase_costs: dict[str, float]#: Itemized purchase costs (including auxiliary units) accounting for design, pressure, and material factors (i.e., F_D, F_P, F_M). Items here are automatically updated at the end of unit simulation.

installed_costs: dict[str, float]#: All installed costs accounting for bare module, design, pressure, and material factors. Items here are automatically updated at the end of unit simulation.

equipment_lifetime: int | dict[str, int]#: Lifetime of equipment. Defaults to values in the class attribute _default_equipment_lifetime. Use an integer to specify the lifetime for all items in the unit purchase costs. Use a dictionary to specify the lifetime of each purchase cost item.

run_after_specifications: bool#: Whether to run mass and energy balance after calling specification functions

prioritize: bool#: Whether to prioritize unit operation specification within recycle loop (if any).

parallel: dict[str, int]#: Name-number pairs of baseline purchase costs and auxiliary unit operations in parallel. Use ‘self’ to refer to the main unit. Capital and heat and power utilities in parallel will become proportional to this value.

responses: set[GenericResponse]#: Unit design decisions that must be solved to satisfy specifications. While adding responses is optional, simulations benefit from responses by being able to predict better guesses.