single_phase_reactor#

class SinglePhaseReactor(ID='', ins=None, outs=(), thermo=None, **kwargs)[source]#

Class for a single phase stirred tank reactor, modeled as a pressure vessel with a given aspect ratio and residence time. A pump-heat exchanger recirculation loop is used to satisfy the duty, if any. By default, a turbine agitator is also included if the power usage,`kW_per_m3` , is positive. A vacuum system is also automatically added if the operating pressure is at a vacuum.

Parameters:

tau – Residence time [hr].
T – Operating temperature [K].
P – Operating pressure [Pa].
dT_hx_loop – Maximum change in temperature for the heat exchanger loop. Defaults to 5 K.
V_wf – Fraction of working volume over total volume. Defaults to 0.8.
V_max – Maximum volume of a reactor [m3]. Defaults to 355.
kW_per_m3 – Power usage of agitator. Defaults to 0.985 [kW / m3] converted from 5 hp/1000 gal as in [1], for liquid–liquid reaction or extraction.
vessel_material – Vessel material. Defaults to ‘Stainless steel 316’.
vessel_type – Vessel type. Valid options are ‘Horizontal’ or ‘Vertical’. Defaults to ‘Vertical’
batch – Whether to use batch operation mode. If False, operation mode is continuous. Defaults to continuous.
tau_0 – Cleaning and unloading time (if batch mode). Defaults to 3 hr.
N_reactors – Number of reactors.

Notes

The recirculation loop takes into account the required flow rate needed to reach the maximum temperature change of the heat exchanger, dT_hx_loop. Increasing dT_hx_loop decreases the required recirculation flow rate and therefore decreases pump costs.

When parallel reactors are required, one recirculation loop (each with a pump and heat exchanger) is assumed. Although it is possible to use the same recirculation loop for all reactors, this conservative assumption allows for each reactor to be operated independently from each other.

The capital cost for agitators are not yet included in

Examples

Simulate the liquefaction of corn starch (the enzymatic conversion of starch to glucose):

>>> import biosteam as bst
>>> from biorefineries import corn
>>> chemicals = corn.create_chemicals()
>>> bst.settings.set_thermo(chemicals)
>>> feed = bst.Stream('feed',
...     phase='l',
...     T=360.15, P=1.555e+06,
...     Water=1.115e+05, Ethanol=0.1534,
...     Ash=647.3, Yeast=16.68, CaO=4.73,
...     TriOlein=1754, H2SO4=8.207, NH3=78.84,
...     Starch=2.83e+04, Fiber=5548,
...     SolubleProtein=1899, InsolubleProtein=2318,
...     units='kg/hr'
... )
>>> reaction = bst.Reaction('Starch + H2O -> Glucose', 'Starch', 0.95)
>>> R1 = bst.SinglePhaseReactor('R1',
...     ins=feed, outs='product',
...     reaction=reaction,
...     tau=0.9, V_wf=0.90, V_max=500.,
...     kW_per_m3=0.6,
... )
>>> R1.simulate()
>>> R1.show('cwt')
SinglePhaseReactor: R1
ins...
[0] feed
    phase: 'l', T: 360.15 K, P: 1.555e+06 Pa
    composition (%): Water     73.3
                     Ethanol   0.000101
                     Ash       0.426
                     Yeast     0.011
                     CaO       0.00311
                     TriOlein  1.15
                     H2SO4     0.0054
                     ...       25.1
                     --------  1.52e+05 kg/hr
outs...
[0] product
    phase: 'l', T: 360.15 K, P: 1.555e+06 Pa
    composition (%): Water     71.4
                     Ethanol   0.000101
                     Glucose   19.6
                     Ash       0.426
                     Yeast     0.011
                     CaO       0.00311
                     TriOlein  1.15
                     ...       7.41
                     --------  1.52e+05 kg/hr

>>> R1.results()
Single phase reactor                                  Units                   R1
Electricity         Power                                kW                 85.6
                    Cost                             USD/hr                 6.69
Low pressure steam  Duty                              kJ/hr             1.83e+06
                    Flow                            kmol/hr                 47.4
                    Cost                             USD/hr                 11.3
Design              Reactor volume                       m3                  142
                    Residence time                       hr                  0.9
                    Vessel type                                         Vertical
                    Length                               ft                 38.6
                    Diameter                             ft                 12.9
                    Weight                               lb             1.28e+05
                    Wall thickness                       in                  1.6
                    Vessel material                          Stainless steel 316
Purchase cost       Vertical pressure vessel            USD             5.44e+05
                    Platform and ladders                USD              3.6e+04
                    Heat exchanger - Floating head      USD             2.16e+04
                    Recirculation pump - Pump           USD             6.31e+03
                    Recirculation pump - Motor          USD                  670
                    Agitator - Agitator                 USD             5.77e+04
Total purchase cost                                     USD             6.66e+05
Utility cost                                         USD/hr                   18

References